IEC 61850 and IEC 61499 build a "Team"

The paper "Distributed Power System Automation with IEC 61850, IEC 61499 and Intelligent Control" presents a new approach to power
system automation, based on distributed intelligence rather than traditional centralised control. The paper investigates the interplay between two international standards, IEC 61850 and IEC 61499, and proposes a way of combining of the application functions of IEC 61850-compliant devices with IEC 61499-compliant “glue logic,” using the communication services of IEC 61850-7-2. The resulting ability to customise control and automation logic will greatly enhance the flexibility and adaptability of automation systems, speeding progress toward the realisation of the Smart Grid concept.

Click HERE to download the paper.

A second paper "Towards Intelligent Smart Grid Devices with IEC 61850 Interoperability and IEC 61499 Open Control Architecture" presents and discusses new developments and experiments conducted to prove the feasibility of using decentralized multi-agent control logic in the automation of power distribution networks. The utility network is modeled as communicating logical nodes following IEC 61850 standard’s architecture, implemented by means of IEC 61499 distributed automation architecture. The system is simulated in an IEC 61499 execution environment combined with Matlab and proven to achieve simple fault location and power restoration goals through collaborative behavior and interoperable devices.

Click HERE to download the paper.

DNP3 to become an IEEE Standard

IEEE has announced yesterday (2010-01-11) that a new project (P1815 - Standard for Electric Power Systems Communications - Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3)) has been set up to publish the DNP3 specification as an IEEE Standard in mid 2010.

The "purpose of this standard is to document and make available the specifications for the DNP3 protocol. ... The intent of this DNP3 standard is to meet the goal established by NIST for a Smart Grid protocol:

• Provides a protocol standard from a recognized standard institution
• Provides interoperability with 100s of operational systems and 1000s of devices
• Provides cyber security based on IEC 62351-5 (Preview)
• Provides Devise data profiles in a format that can be mapped to IEC 61850 Object Models"

Click HERE to access the official IEEE press release.

This is what I have expected for some time. The mapping of IEC 61850 and IEC 61400-25-2 Object Models and (some) Services to DNP3 and IEC 60870-5-101/104 has already been standardized in IEC 61400-25-4 (some 2 years ago). DNP3 and IEC 60870-5-101/104 are used as SCADA protocols between substations and control centers all over.

Click HERE for some additional information on the mapping of IEC 61850/61400-25-2 objects and services to DNP3 and other protocols.

The following comparison shows that the objective of IEC 61850 goes far beyond the use as a SCADA protocol:

The Configuration Language (IEC 61850-6 - Preview of Edition2) is the most crucial part of the standard series IEC 61850 and IEC 61400-25!!

Successful IEC 61850 Hands-On Training Courses in Australia

NettedAutomation GmbH and STRI conducted two 3 day IEC 61850 Hands-On Training courses in Australia: in Brisbane on November 30 - December 02 and Sydney on December 02-04, 2009.

 
Brisbane course (attendees from 7 organizations)

 
Sydney course (attendees from 10 organizations)

 
Andrea Bonetti (STRI) in action
... actions speak louder than words!

The attendees reported that there are many concrete plans to apply IEC 61850 in Substations of Australian transmission and distribution utilities in 2010 and 2011. Also substations outside of utilities (e.g., in the mining industry) are being build with IEC 61850 compliant automation and protection systems.

The plans to implement a huge Smart Grid project in Australia are an additional opportunity for IEC 61850 being applied for distribution networks - to make the Grids smarter.

Feedback from an attendee of the Sydney course:
"Well organized and very well run. The presenters were well on top of the subject and could explain the subject matter. There was a huge amount of material to cover and they did it well. Being independent, the subject was presented objectively. Karlheinz was very strong on the background and the detail of the specification, including the interaction with related specifications. Andrea was excellent on the implementation and configuration. Had a very practical approach and committed to making it work in the real world. I certainly gained much more than I expected from the seminar. Excellent value."

ABB uses IEC 61850 for integrated power and process control in Greece

ABB has won in December 2009 an order worth $26 million from Hellenic Petroleum SA to provide an integrated power and automation system for the upgrade of Hellenic Petroleum’s Elefsina refinery, west of Athens. The environmentally friendly refinery will manufacture products in accordance with best in class technology and global standards to minimize environmental impact.

ABB will install a fully automated power management and load shedding system based on the 800xA automation platform and IEC 61850 compatible communication networks. Integrating the electrical and automation system on the common 800xA platform provides additional benefits including reduced maintenance, engineering and overall lifecycle costs.

Click HERE for the full press release.

2009 comes to a close - 2010 is about to come

As the year 2009 comes to a close, I want to say "Thank You!" for supporting the standardization of solutions for a smarter grid in 2009 and for using my knowledge and experience in the field of information technology for power systems.

I wish you and your family a happy, healthy and prosperous New Year 2010 - and successful applications of standards like IEC 61850, IEC 61400-25, IEC 61968/70 (CIM), TASE.2, DNP3, ...

The year 2009 was quite busy with many public and in-house courses and consultancy services on IEC 61850 and related standards. The interest in IEC 61850 has picked up in 2009 all over. What we see now is that we could expect even more interest in 2010. Many utilities are in the process of planning to equip first substation with IEC 61850 conformant substation IEDs (protection, control, monitoring, ...).

During 2009 we have seen the US NIST activities on Smart Grids popping up. In this context we see a lot of challenges to get "sustainable interoperable" solutions for power systems.

What concerns me is that the pace of events with regard to the use of IT is accelerating very very steep! The use of standards progresses faster than usual expected. All experts I know are quite busy. What we need is: more well educated people in the power business.

I look forward to helping you to get all information and experience you need in the application of advanced standards as listed above.

Click HERE for a discussion on education of engineers in the power industry and HERE for a list of of our 70+ up-to-date seminar modules.

IEEE Smart Grid Web Portal

IEEE has launched a new web portal on Smart Grid activities to support the many activities in the domain of making the grids smarter. The portal is intended to provide the "latest information on IEEE’s involvement in the area of Smart Grid including conferences, publications, standards, educational programs and public policy."

Click HERE to visit the portal.

The focus seems to be on North American solutions. The list of "IEEE Approved Standards Related to Smart Grid" ignores many other International Standards (e.g., published by IEC). The page "IEEE Smart Grid Standards in Development" lists more than 30 (!) standard projects related to smarter grids.

Which international organization is about to coordinate the development of standards for the many different aspects of smarter grids? There seems to be some competition. It would be advantage for the global community to have - more ore less - a single set of standards for smarter grids. IEC should play a crucial role in getting a consistent set of standards (including IEC/IEEE double logo standards) ... in order to prevent the situation we have in the international fieldbus standardization with tooooo many standard solutions in one (!) standard: IEC 61158.
Click HERE to see the list of filedbus standards.

Interoperability for Intelligent Devices for Transportation

A very comprehensive set of standards for information models and information exchange has been published for ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems; defined and used in the U.S.). One crucial objective is to reach Interoperability: "A standards-based approach to integration helps to facilitate the exchange of transportation data as well as more easily accommodate future equipment replacements, systems upgrades, and system expansions."

The standard NTCIP 1213, for example, defines a couple of information models that are also defined in IEC 61850.

NTCIP 1213 v02.19 (National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol -- Object Definitions for Electrical and Lighting Management
Systems (ELMS))

Examples of three phase voltages for Delta and Y, current and power:

BranchcircuitEntry::= SEQUENCE {
...
branchcircuitVoltageAB INTEGER,
branchcircuitVoltageBC INTEGER,
branchcircuitVoltageCA INTEGER,
branchcircuitVoltageAN INTEGER,
branchcircuitVoltageBN INTEGER,
branchcircuitVoltageCN INTEGER,
branchcircuitCurrent   INTEGER,
branchcircuitPower     INTEGER
...
}

These models are mapped to MIB (SNMP) and communicated, e.g., in ASN.1 BER - as is the case for IEC 61850-8-1. It would be nice to use the IEC 61850-7-4 MMXU (three phase electrical measurements for all applications - independent of transportation, distribution, generation, ...).

Smart Power Distribution Grids will have a lot of relations to Transportation Systems and vice versa.
No Power System - NO Transportation!

The NIST Smart Grid activities list the NTCIP part 1213 in the SGIP Identified Standards (number 31).

Click HERE for the ITS website ... provides free access to model and protocol standards, e.g. part 1213 can be accessed for free (registration required).
Click HERE for more information on the ITS Standards Background.

IEC 61131-3 and IEC 61499 in action

The standard IEC 61499 (Functionblocks) is implemented on several platforms. NXTControl demonstrates a couple of PLCs (from Beckhoff, Siemens, ...) with IEC 61499 at the SPS/IPC/DRIVES Fair in Nuremberg (Germany) this week. 

After discussions with several experts I expect a big move towards more standards in the Automation arena. The financial crisis lets more people think about using well accepted international standards - to get rid of too many vendor specific or even standardized solutions.

IEC 61499 focuses on:

Portability: the ability of software tools to accept and correctly interpret library elements produced by other software tools.

Configurability: the ability of devices and their software components to be configured (selected, assigned locations, interconnected and parameterized) by multiple software tools.

Interoperability: the ability of devices from different vendors operating together to perform the functions specified by one or more distributed applications.

The interoperability is mainly provided by a standardized international information and information exchange standard like IEC 61850. Several people I met at the fair yesterday are looking for the combination of the two standards: IEC 61499 and IEC 61850. More to come soon.

Click HERE for the comparison of IEC 61131-3 and IEC 61499.
Click HERE for other posts on this blog that discuss IEC 61499 and IEC 61850 to get to really sustainable interoperability.

AEP Ohio gridSMART Demonstration Project funded with US$ 150.000.000

US DoE Secretary Chu announced on Nov. 24, 2009, a total of $620 Million for 32 Smart Grid Demonstration and Energy Storage Projects.

"The projects include streamlined communication technologies that will allow different parts of the grid to “talk” to each other in real time; sensing and control devices that help grid operators monitor and control the flow of electricity to avoid disruptions and outages; smart meters and in-home systems that empower consumers to reduce their energy use and save money; energy storage options; and on-site and renewable energy sources that can be integrated onto the electrical grid."

"The project will include 13 different technologies from the substation to the customer, including distribution automation and control, smart meters and appliances, home area networks, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, energy and battery storage, and renewable generation sources."

This is the time for Standards like IEC 61850, DNP3, IEC 61400-25, IEC 61968/70 CIM, ... to make the Grid smarter. After many years in operation these standards are mature for large scale implementations.

Recovery Act funding granted: $435,200,987
Total Project Value Including Cost Share: $877,241,878

Click HERE for the full press release.
Click HERE for the list of funded projects.

Information Models and Protocols for Smart Grids

"The Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP), a new stakeholder forum to provide technical support to the Commerce Department’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as it coordinates standards for a modernized electric power system, concluded today (19. Nov. 2009) with election of 20 members to its governing board."

Key for the SGIP is to "coordinate the development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems.”

Click HERE for the press release.

IEC 61850 at the Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies

"The first Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, sponsored by the IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES) and hosted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), will be held January 19‐21, 2010 in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. The Conference will be a forum for the participants to discuss the state‐of‐the‐art innovations in smart grid technologies. The Conference will feature special sessions and tutorials by international experts on smart grid applications."

Paper presentation at the conference:

"Towards the Energy Web via Standards-enabled Smart Grid"

Authors:
Valeriy Vyatkin, Senior Member, IEEE,
Gulnara Zhabelova, non-member,
Neil Higgins, Member, IEEE,
Mihaela Ulieru, Senior Member, IEEE
Karlheinz Schwarz, Member, IEEE and
Nirmal-Kumar C Nair, Member, IEEE

Abstract -- In this paper we propose an information and control architecture for Smart Grid based on the combination of upcoming industrial standards and intelligent control methods. We make the case that an incremental approach is required for the transition to the Smart Grid and propose a way of doing that through bringing intelligence down to the level of substation automation devices. The architecture employs two strong international standards, IEC 61850 and IEC 61499, to enrich the applications that can be created using interoperable Smart Grid devices. Interoperability and open configurability - key enablers for efficient application of the revolutionary EnergyWeb ideas – are evident in this architecture.
The utility network is modelled as IEC 61850-compliant logical nodes, embedded in an IEC 61499 distributed automation framework. The system is simulated in an IEC 61499 execution environment combined with Matlab, and is proven to achieve simple fault location and power restoration goals through collaborative behaviour.

Click HERE for the conference website.

Active and Reactive Power Control with IEC 61400-25-2

The focus of the IEC 61400-25 series is on the communications between wind power plant components such as wind turbines and actors such as SCADA systems. IEC 61400-25-2 specifies the information model of devices and functions related to wind power plant applications. These models extend IEC 61850-7-x models. Almost all definitions, hardware and software solutions available for IEC 61850 can be used for IEC 61400-25-2. In particular, IEC 61400-25-2 specifies the compatible logical node names, and data names for communication between wind power plant components.

The standard IEC 61400-25-2 defines a comprehensive list of information models (Logical Nodes) for wind turbines, e.g.:

• WTUR - Wind turbine general information
• WROT - Wind turbine rotor information
• WTRM - Wind turbine transmission information
• WGEN - Wind turbine generator information
• WCNV - Wind turbine converter information
• WTRF - Wind turbine transformer information
• WNAC - Wind turbine nacelle information
• WYAW - Wind turbine yawing information
• WTOW - Wind turbine tower information

The most crucial Logical Nodes are likely the

• WAPC - Wind power plant active power control information
• WRPC - Wind power plant reactive power control information

These models describe the "interface" between a complete park and the grid operator for control purposes. These Logical Nodes can be used for other power resources like CHP, PV, ... The German EEG (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) accelerates the application of IEC 61400-25 tremendously, because the Grid Operator needs more information about the park and he needs to control the whole power system in cases of faults and critical conditions - wind power plants and other resources are an integrated part of the whole system. These resources cannot be treated just as negative loads.

The WAPC (active power control) comprises the following Data Objects:

Status information

• Actual number of wind turbines in operation
• Active Power Limitation Mode Enabled
• Active Power Control Mode Enabled controlling apparent power
• Gradient Function Enabled
• Delta Function Enabled

Measurements

• Wind Power Plant active power output capability
• Wind Power Plant active power output
• Wind Power Plant apparent power
• Wind Power Plant Gradient
• Wind Power Plant active power reserve utilizing the Delta function –
  the difference between active power generation capability and active
  power generated

Control information

• Activate active power control function
• Activate apparent power control function
• Activate gradient control function
• Activate delta control function
• Set reference value for the wind power plant active power output
• Set reference value for the wind power plant apparent power output
• Set reference value for gradient ramping up the wind power plant active power output
• Set reference value for gradient ramping down the wind power plant
  active power output
• Set reference value for the wind power plant active power reserve –
  also named as “spinning reserve”

The information provided by these models is crucial for a future stable power delivery system.

Seats for IEC 61850 Tutorial at the SPS/IPC/DRIVES available

The Tutorial "IEC 61850 - Die universale Norm für die Informations-Integration" during the SPS/IPC/DRIVES on Tuesday, 24.11.2009, 14:00 - 17:00 is approaching quite fast ... just 7 days left to register! The presentation is in German - presentation material is in English.

Please note that a real live demo will show crucial benefits of the new standard - for power automation and industrial automation. What is industrial automation without POWER (automation)?

Several manufacturers will show IEC 61850 connectivity ... one is Beckhoff.

Click HERE for the program and other details.
Click HERE for information on Beckhoff's support of IEC 61850/61400-25.

Access to key O&M data by use of IEC 61400-25

Availability of online and historical data is a prerequisite for effective operation and maintenance (O&M) of wind power plants. This is where the standard series IEC 61400-25 "Wind turbines – Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants" comes in. IEC 61400-25 is mainly an extension of the definitions of IEC 61850. A substation does not have a rotor - obviously. So we had to add a model for the rotor with WROT as the standard Logical Node and WROT.RotSpd as the data object for the rotor speed. Where ever a rotor of a wind mill turns it could be modeled as WROT.RotSpd. Since the publication of the standard series there is no need for vendor specific communication solutions and no need for myriads of Excel or Word tables of signal lists that specify the rotor speed with some kind of an index. What does "A2839" mean? May be it is the rotor speed of a turbine running in Buxtehude" - who knows. Of course it takes some time to have the standard implemented ... a couple of IEC 61400-25 conformant products are already available.

According to a presentation at the the European Offshore Wind 2009 Conference & Exhibition, 14 – 16 September, Stockholm (Sweden): "Vattenfall, Statkraft and DONG Energy have all included the IEC 61400-25 series in their requirements specifications. Support for the standard is one of the evaluation criteria for the delivery of new wind power plants."

Click HERE for the poster presented in Stockholm.
Click HERE for a paper on the subject.
Click HERE for a presentation.

OpenGrid uses IEC 61850 and IEC 60870-6-TASE.2

The Current Group developed a so-called "OpenGrid" specification as a "software foundation to enable Smart Grid applications deployed today and in the future.  The OpenGrid platform provides the network and data management system to integrate any grid device, including intelligent sensors, capacitor banks, tap changers, reclosers, switches, substation devices and meters with a variety of low-latency IP based communications systems."

Key components are (many based on IEC standards developed by IEC TC 57) a "Smart Grid communication network using industry standard protocols such as IEC 61850, DNP3, IP and SNMP" and "SCADA integration adapters utilizing ICCP TASE.2, while GIS and OMS integration adapters are built using IEC 61968-11 CIM".

Click HERE to learn more about the OpenGrid.

RWE awarded Development of IEC 61400-25 for Wind Power Control System

RWE (second biggest German Utility) awarded Mr. Pascal Dresselhaus for the development of an IEC 61400-25 compliant software for a Beckhoff PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). He implemented the mapping to MMS according to IEC 61850-8-1. Mr. Dresselhaus' Diploma-Thesis "Entwicklung einer Bibliothek für die Kommunikation von Windkraftanlagen nach IEC 61400-25" won the highest award! Congratulation!

The development is now available as a Product of Beckhoff.

Click HERE for some information related to the Development (English).
Click HERE for the press release of RWE (German only).
Click HERE for the press release of the Fachhochschule Südwestfalen (German only)

First Part of IEC 61850 Edition 2 Approved

The first part of Edition 2 of IEC 61850 has been approved for publication:

Communication networks and systems for power utility automation -
Part 6: Configuration description language for communication in electrical substations related to IEDs (SCL).

Note that the application domain of the configuration language is much broader than for substations. Part 6 can easily applied to any IED that uses Logical Devices, Logical Nodes, Data Objects and common data classes. Only the Substation Section (describing the single line diagram) is specific to electrical substations. The rest is quite common. Experts of IEC 61400-25 have recently discussed with IEC 61850-6 experts on how to add a corresponding wind power turbine model - as an extension - to IEC 61850-6. The work on such an extension is likely to start in 2010. The same is true for hydro power plants and DER.

Further parts of Edition 2 of IEC 61850 will follow in 2010.

Click HERE for the official webpage for IEC 61850-6.

General Electric to support University education

General Electric will donate an Innovation Lab for power systems and communications to The University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario.

The Lab will help in training on power system protection and automation of electrical substations, including the use of IEC 61850 and Ethernet communication. This is a major step in educating more young people in advanced information and communication technologies for the future power system.

Click HERE for the full press release.