Just published: IEC 61850-7-420 Basic Communication Structure – Distributed Energy Resources And Distribution Automation Logical Lodes

IEC TC 57 just published one of the most crucial parts of the standard series IEC 61850:

This second edition of the 548 pages long bilingual standard (EN/FR) has been developed over a period of - I guess more than 10 years - taking into account the experience with IEC 61850 in general and with distributed power systems.

Now it is time to implement and use the standard in conjunction with the other core parts like IEC 61850-6, 7-1, -7-2, -7-3, and 7-4.

Click HERE for details on IEC 61850-7-420.

Click HERE for the preview.

Please note that the syntax of the object models is available for free download:

Click HERE for the download of the light name space document [zip, 30 KB] 

Excerpt of the light name space:

Sample code for Battery Monitoring LN with Cell Voltage Lo Alarm and Hi Alarm:

Note that the description (Semantic) is only available in the Full name space document that comes with the standard when you buy the standard.

It is recommended to purchase the standard in case you want to study the full content and to figure out the benefit ...!

SMA Inverter and Cyber Security Issues

Recently a study on cyber security threads regarding PV inverters was published, in which SMA was mentioned. The topic has also since been seized upon by other media outlets. Unfortunately, the claim has caused serious concern for SMA customers. SMA does not agree with this article, as some of the statements are not correct or greatly exaggerated.

Click HERE for the complete response by SMA.
HIER geht es zur deutschen Seite.

I hope that all vendors of network connected devices are as serious as SMA when it comes to security.

Dubai (UAE): NEW IEC 61850 Seminar for Protection, Control, and Generation

You are invited to register for one of the world leading IEC 61850 Seminars for Protection, Control, and Generation to be conducted by

FMTP, Al-Ojaimi, and NettedAutomation 
in Dubai (UAE) at the Sheraton Dubai Mall of the Emirates
11-13 July 2017

With the focus on protection and control in HV/MV substations, power generation (PV, Wind, DER, Hydro), distribution systems using Client/Server, GOOSE, SV, SCADA and SCL Language covering:

• IEC 61850 / IEC 61400-25 Introduction (Edition 1, 2, and 2.1) and experience after more than 10 years in operation. Where are we today?
• Return of experience, applications and practical demonstrations:
• Protection and Control in Substation Automation
• Engineering and Configuration
• Maintenance
• Monitoring and SCADA system
• Specification of the IEC 61850 protection and control system.
• Through the practical demonstrations, you will learn:
• To handle IEC 61850 relay protections from different vendors and their software tools; to be able to efficiently manage flexibility in engineering and interoperability.
• To use the state of the art IEC 61850 testing tools and equipment to efficiently detect the technical problems and work-out their solutions.
• To understand SCL files, setup clients and servers for MMS communication to SCADA and RTU Systems
• All the presentations are supported by practical examples or demonstrations.

Who should attend?

• Protection and Electrical Engineers (protection, control, engineering, SCADA, asset managers)
• System integrators
• Product managers of vendors
• R&D engineers
• Maintenance personnel
• Experts responsible for network infrastructure

Click HERE for program and registration information.
Click HERE for other training opportunities.

Smart Meter Rollout UND intelligentes Einspeisemanagement

"Der vorliegende Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Digitalisierung der Energiewende greift nach
Expertenmeinung zu kurz. Bevor ein Smart Meter Rollout gestartet wird, muss ein
einheitlicher Schnittstellenstandard festgelegt werden, um beispielsweise flächendeckend
Wechselrichter und Speicher ansteuern und vernetzen zu können.

So lautet das Fazit des 23. Fachgesprächs der Clearingstelle EEG zu „Technische Einrichtungen
zur Einspeiseregelung – Einspeisemanagement und Direktvermarktung“ am 8. März in Berlin.
Branchenvertreter und Experten wiesen darauf hin, dass das Gesetz zur Digitalisierung der
Energiewende, das derzeit im parlamentarischen Verfahren ist, deutlich zu kurz greift. „Es darf
nicht nur darum gehen die Zähler auszuwechseln, was wir brauchen ist eine echte Digitalisierung mit Standards, die ein intelligentes Einspeisemanagement erlauben“, unterstrich Professor Gerd Heilscher von der Hochschule Ulm. ...
Als positives Beispiel verwies Heilscher auf die USA, wo seit kurzem nur noch PV-Wechselrichter mit dem Kommunikationsstandard Sunspec in öffentliche Gebäude eingebaut werden dürfen.
Entsprechend müsse auch hierzulande ein einheitliches Übertragungsprotokoll beispielsweise auf Basis des IEC 61850 eingeführt werden."

Click HIER für den kompletten Beitrag.

IEC Committee Draft (CD) 61850-7-420 Ed. 2.0 just published

IEC TC 57 has just published the 57/1655/CD:

IEC CD 61850-7-420 Ed. 2.0: Communication networks and systems for power utility automation -
Part 7-420: Basic communication structure - Distributed energy resources logical nodes

Commenting closes 2016-04-08.

Attention is drawn to document 57/1658/DC which is circulated in parallel and which reflects a draft IEC TR 61850-7-520 and which contains the main guidelines on how to use the data models contained in the present CD.
.
Since both documents are closely linked IEC national committees are invited to develop their comments in parallel on the present CD and on 57/1658/DC.

The major technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:

• Corrections and clarifications according to information letter "IEC 61850-technical issues by the IEC TC 57” (see document 57/963/INF, 2008-07-18);
• Extensions regarding IEC 61850-90-7 (object models for converters in distributed energy resources (DER) systems);
• Some logical nodes in IEC 61850-7-420:2009 that were not specific to distributed energy resources have been transferred to IEC 61850-7-4 Ed. 2.1 and have been removed from this edition of IEC 61850-7-420 (see also Annex A);
• The definitions of logical nodes in this edition of IEC 61850-7-420 have been updated using the table format introduced in IEC 61850-7-4 Ed. 2.1;
• Most of the modelling examples and background information that was included in IEC 61850-7-420:2009 has been transferred to IEC 61850-7-520

This CD is not available publicly as a CDV. The CDV may be available later this year. 

Stay tuned to this blog.

Saudi Arabia to Build 50 MW PV Plant

Several companies announced to establish a solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant with a capacity of 50 MW in the city of Saudi Aflaj, which will be the first utility-scale PV plant in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Quite interesting that Saudi Arabia is expecting a growth of energy demand rising by 8 percent annually and is expected to be 120 GW by 2030.

Click HERE for a news report.

During my visit of Dammam (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) this week (training on IEC 61850) I was (by chance) contacted by a senior engineer (involved in gas related automation) who walked by outside our meeting room, stopped, and asked what we were doing. We talked about this and that.

Then he asked me how we can store PV power … this led us to the situation in Germany where we have several MW scale projects that convert PV or Wind Power into gas. He was very impressed that this is happening in big scale.

Sure, we have a lot of renewable power in Germany.

What to do with all the power? Convert to gas! Yes!

Click HERE to a report on the largest system today in Hamburg (1.5 MW).

Click HERE for some explanations of the basics of power-to-gas.

The gas and heat/cooling domains will find that the IEC 61850 can be used for many applications in these areas – to benefit from the standards used in electric power systems.

Click HERE for some discussion of using IEC 61850 (UCA 2.0) for the gas industry.

More to come. Keep tuned to the IEC 61850 blog.

Could a Power Outage of an Airplane happen in the Air?

Yes, a power outage of an modern airplane could be caused by a simple software problem – related likely to a wrong assumption. What does this mean for the future power systems?

The following official report from the U.S. Government FAA, dated May 01, 2015 says that a

“Boeing Model 787 airplane that has been powered continuously for 248 days can lose all alternating current (AC) electrical power due to the generator control units (GCUs) simultaneously going into failsafe mode. This condition is caused by a software counter internal to the GCUs that will overflow after 248 days of continuous power. …

The software counter internal to the generator control units (GCUs) will overflow after 248 days of continuous power, causing that GCU to go into failsafe mode. If the four main GCUs (associated with the engine mounted generators) were powered up at the same time, after 248 days of continuous power, all four GCUs will go into failsafe mode at the same time, resulting in a loss of all AC electrical power regardless of flight phase.”

Click HERE for the full report.

What is the lesson we can learn from this situation? I guess simply this: If you have to program something you need to know precisely under which assumptions the “something” should work. Usually you have to make firm assumption under which the “something” will work. If you would assume (for example) that an airplane of model 787 would never be powered continuously longer than 90 days, then the counter would not overflow under normal conditions.

But: If this assumption is wrong, then the counter could overflow.

I guess that we quite often design systems under assumptions that may be valid at time of the design – but that may show later that they were quite wrong! Some 40-50 years ago it was not assumed that the traffic in 2015 would be as is is now. Or?

The power utilities assumed some 15 years ago that PV-Power (mainly installed on roofs) should just be understood and treated as negative power connected to the grid – so that there was no need to invest in power management and automation systems. I remember such discussions in the German national standardization (DKE). Within a short time period they had to learn that the assumption was wrong! Now we have almost 40 GW of installed PV systems.

The next wrong assumption could likely be the number of Batteries connected to the power grid. The needed investment in the future power system will highly depend on the assumption on how fast the installation of batteries will happen! I have talked recently to utility experts that they fear a fast growth of network connected batteries. The batteries behave different compared to Wind Turbines and PV systems – batteries can import and export energy. They can change their behavior within very short time. A sudden huge power flow change of millions of battery systems could cause power outages.

So, MUST we assume that this could easily happens or not? Depending on our answer, we have do spent more or less Euros or Dollars … Experts that don’t want to invest a lot more will argue, that it is unlikely to happen.

The (wrong) assumptions of today could likely be the reasons of power outages in the near future. The bad side of the assumption that the installation of battery systems will grow fast is: It will require a lot of more efforts to keep the power system reliable.

I guess we will see increasing numbers of batteries being installed after yesterdays announcement (May 01, 2015) of the new Partnership for Global Energy Transformation: LichtBlick (Germany) integrates Tesla Battery Storage (US) into Energy Markets.

A crucial key component in the future power systems is related to information management and standardized information exchange with IEC 60870-5-104 and IEC 61850. VHPready is an important step to support LichtBlick and many other companies.

Current and forcasted Solar and Wind Power in the TransnetBW Network

The TransnetBW is the fourth largest German Power Transmission operator (TSO) – in the southwest of Germany where my hometown (Karlsruhe) is.

The day started very sunny. In case you want to see how much solar and wind power is fed into the grid, you can visit the following websites:

Solar Power in TransnetBW (historical, currrent and forcasted values): Click HERE.
Wind Power in TransnetBW (historical, currrent and forcasted values): Click HERE.
Solar Power in Germany (historical and currrent values): Click HERE.

Currently we have 3.6 GW PV power production in Germany … some 10 per cent of the installed capacity of 34 GW.

This all requires a lot of measurements and management … and communication like IEC 60870-5-104, IEC 61850, IEC 61400-25, and DNP3.

Is IEC/TR 61850-90-7 part of Edition 1, 2, or 3?

The document IEC/TR 61850-90-7:2013-02

Communication networks and systems for power utility automation
Part 90-7: Object models for power converters in distributed energy resources (DER) systems

has been published the other day.

Is this document part of IEC 61850 Edition 1, 2 or 3? NEITHER NOR!

It has its own history which starts with IEC/TR 61850-90-7 - Edition 1 - 2013-02 as you can see on the document:

When we talk about editions – be very careful and precise.

Implementing a model (Logical Node, data object, …) from IEC/TR 61850-90-7 - Edition 1 may require IEC 61850-7-3 Edition 2 or not … it depends on the model itself.

IEC/TR 61850-90-7 Just published

Please note the publication of

IEC/TR 61850-90-7:2013-02
Communication networks and systems for power utility automation
Part 90-7: Object models for power converters in distributed energy resources (DER) systems

Download the preview of IEC 61850-90-7.

This part is very crucial because it provides solutions for the challenges of feeding the huge amount of power from PV and other DER systems into the various voltage levels of the power delivery grid. This part will have a crucial impact on how to manage especially distribution networks. Just a few examples of these functions are:

7.1.2 Function INV1: connect / disconnect from grid
7.1.3 Function INV2: adjust maximum generation level up/down
7.1.4 Function INV3: adjust power factor
7.1.5 Function INV4: request active power (charge or discharge storage)
7.1.6 Function INV5: pricing signal for charge/discharge action
7.2 Modes for volt-var management
7.2.1 VAr management modes using volt-var arrays
7.2.2 Example setting volt-var mode VV11: available var support mode with no impact on watts
7.2.3 Example setting volt-var mode VV12: maximum var support mode based on WMax
7.2.4 Example setting volt-var mode VV13: static power converter mode based on settings
7.2.5 Example setting volt-var mode VV14: passive mode with no var support
7.3 Modes for frequency-related behaviours
7.3.1 Frequency management modes
7.3.2 Frequency-watt mode FW21: high frequency reduces active power
7.3.3 Frequency-watt mode FW22: constraining generating/charging by frequency

…

U-Bahn-Fahrplan Energiewende – Eine gute Übersicht

Energiewende – ein Begriff, der international bekannt ist! Was ist darunter zu verstehen? Sehr viel!! Es geht um Energie – weit über Strom-Erzeugung, –Transport, –Verteilung und –Verbrauch hinaus.

Eine sehr gut zu lesende und sehr leicht verständliche Zusammenfassung auf 16 Seiten sollte jedem Bürger über 15 Jahre als Pflicht-Lektüre empfohlen werden sollte!

Sehr interessant ist der “U-Bahn-Fahrplan”, der alle wesentlichen Aspekte der Energiewende grafisch darstellt:

Hier können Sie die komplette Grafik “Gesamtübersicht Energiewende” herunterladen [jpg, 1,6 MB]

Download der Zusammenfassung [16 Seiten, pdf, 4 MB]

Noch Fragen?

IEC 61850 wird in vielen, zur Realisierung der Energiewende notwendigen Technologien eine große Bedeutung zukommen – Mit Sicherheit!

Bildquelle: IFEU-Institut

Where is the sun shining?

If you want to figure out where in Germany the sun is shining, you have several possibilities: check with a weather related website or check the PV power production.

Today (2012-12-06 10:28) the PV Power was 1.1 GW … the sun was shining in the south-western part – where Karlsruhe (my home town) is:

Up-to-date  and historical PV power performance provided by SMA.

IEC 61850 and 61499

OpenPCS 2012, infoteam's established programming system is compliant to the standard IEC 61499. There is an increasing demand for application development for distributed systems coming from grid providers and manufacturers in the power industry. OpenPCS 2012 kills two birds with one stone and combines IEC 61850 and 61499: in cooperation with TQ, Infoteam is demonstrating the control of photovoltaic components at the SPS/IPC/DRIVES. Take your chance and visit Infoteam Software AG in Hall 7A, Booth 130, in Nuremberg, Germany, 27.-29.11.2012.

Link to IEC 61850 and IEC 61499 news report.

More to come related to IEC 61850 and IEC 61499.

Performances of Photo Voltaic Systems (PV) in Germany

Did you know that on May 25, 2012, 179 GWh electric power have been provided by PV systems?

You can view at any time the total output of all PV plants in Germany installed up to the specified cutoff date. The animated graphics demonstrate the role already played by photo voltaic systems in generating electricity in Germany today, and show that PV systems also contribute to reducing the high cost of midday peak demand.

Link to current and historical performance of Photo Voltaic Systems (PV) in Germany provided by SMA

Note that SMA is supporting the application of IEC 61850 for managing PV systems.

New publications of IEC TC 57 on IEC 61850, CIM and Security

IEC TC 57 has published several documents:

IEC 62351-5 TS Ed.2 approved as TS:
Data and communications security – Part 5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and derivatives

IEC 61850-90-7 TR Ed.1 approved as TR:
IEC 61850 object models for photovoltaic, storage and other DER inverters

Here you can find information abut the content of IEC 61850-90-7.

IEC 61970-301 Ed.5 out for CDV ballot until 2013-01-04:
Common Information Model (CIM) base

Draft IEC TR 61850-90-2 out for comments by 2013-01-04:
Use of IEC 61850 for the communication between substations and control centres

IEC 61850-10 Ed.2 out for FDIS ballot until 2012-11-23:
Part 10: Conformance testing

IEC 61850 in Italy - SMA offers IEC 61850 Piggy-Back for PV Inverters

As you may have heard, IEC 61850 is a crucial standard for PV inverters in Italy. All requirements of the Italian CEI 0-21 standard (use of IEC 61850 is recommended – expected to be mandatory soon) will be required for new plants as of July 01, 2012.

Even for plants up to 6 kW it is required to provide an interface to the network operator!

SMA has reacted on the requirements for Italian customers … including a “… Piggy-back that will be able to receive the IEC-61850 commands to implement remote shutdown and narrow the frequency limits of the inverter.”

Read the SMA Customer information on these requirements including IEC 61850 in English / German.

Draft IEC 61850-90-7 – Object models for photovoltaic, storage, and other DER inverters

IEC has published the following very crucial draft for ballot (57/1239/DTR):

IEC 61850-90-7 Ed. 1:
Communication networks and systems for power utility automation –
Part 90-7: IEC 61850 object models for photovoltaic, storage, and other DER
inverters

The ballot closes on 2012-06-29.

This 114 page Technical Report describes the functions for inverter-based Distributed Energy Resources (DER) systems, including photovoltaic systems (PV), battery storage systems, electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, and any other DER systems with a controllable inverter. It defines the IEC 61850 information models to be used in the exchange of information between these inverter based DER systems and the utilities, Energy Service Providers (ESPs), or other entities which are tasked with managing the volt, var, and watt capabilities of these inverter-based systems.
These inverter-based DER systems can range from very small grid-connected systems at residential customer sites, to medium-sized systems configured as microgrids on campuses or communities, to very large systems in utility-operated power plants, and to many other configurations and ownership models. They may or may not combine different types of DER systems behind the inverter, such as an inverter-based DER system and a battery that are connected at the DC level.

The crucial object models for IEC 61850-90-7 have already been implemented on the Beck IPC Development Kit 61.

Please contact your national committee to get a copy of this crucial document.

A list of crucial models defined in IEC 61850-90-7 can be found here.

IEC 61850 für Smart Grids in Deutschland

BDEW und ZVEI empfehlen acht “reife” und notwendige Technologien für den unmittelbaren Einsatz für Smart Grids:

Smart Grids in Deutschland – Handlungsfelder für Verteilnetzbetreiber auf dem Weg zu intelligenten Netzen (27. März 2012)

“Um die Verteilnetze effizient zu gestalten, erhöht sich der Bedarf an
Messung, Regelung und Automatisierung. Aus Sicht eines Verteilnetzbetreibers kommt es jetzt darauf an, die wichtigsten Technologien und deren Wirksamkeit zu identifizieren. Es stellt sich die Frage, welche Technologien bereits heute zur Verfügung stehen und welches Potenzial diese zur Lösung der verteilnetzspezifischen Probleme mitbringen.”

Von 25 Smart-Grid-Komponenten gelten acht als „erfolgversprechend“:

• Sensorik im Netz,
• Netzleittechnik,
• Kommunikations- und Dateninfrastruktur,
• regelbare Windkraft,
• regelbare Photovoltaik,
• kleinere KWK-Anlagen,
• Pumpspeicherkraftwerke sowie
• Komponenten zur Blindleistungskompensation.

“Als etablierte Kommunikationsstandards in der Energieverteilung liegt die Verwendung der IEC 61850 nahe. Die IEC 61850 erlaubt einen sicheren und effektiven Datenaustausch zwischen den Smart IEDs und das übergreifende Nutzen von Sensoren und Aktoren. … Die konsequente Umsetzung des gemeinsamen Systemstandards IEC 61850 über alle Spannungsebenen hinweg, bietet die Voraussetzung für einheitliche Kommunikations- und Datenstrukturen. Dies ist eine Voraussetzung für den wirtschaftlichen Ausbau der Verteilnetz-Automatisierung.

IEC 61850 und … in “Smart Grids in Deutschland – Handlungsfelder für Verteilnetzbetreiber auf dem Weg zu intelligenten Netzen” [PDF, 32 Seiten, 10,9 MB]

Italian Norm about to Require IEC 61850 for almost all PV Inverters

The CEI (Comitato Elettrotecnico Italiano) has published in December 2011 a norm that strongly proposes to use IEC 61850 to connect PV inverters (>1kV and >6 kW) to external systems (grid operator, …):

CEI 0-21 “Regola tecnica di riferimento per la connessione di Utenti attivi e passivi alle reti BT delle imprese distributrici di energia elettrica”.

“Reference technical rules for the connection of active and passive users to
the LV electrical Utilities”

Click HERE for the press release and link to the norm provided by CEI [pdf, Italian].

Click HERE for a up-to-date presentation presenting the background and needs for … and for standard communications in low voltage (LV) power systems.

The document IEC 61850-90-7 “IEC 61850 object models for inverters in distributed energy resources (DER) systems” is about to published in a few months. This document is a perfect fit for the needs of PV inverters.

IEC TC 57 WG 17 has met in San Diego (CA) last week. The final draft paper is expected to be available in a few weeks.

FINSENY – European Consortium of 35 Organizations supports IEC 61850 and IEC 61400-25

Have you heard about FINSENY before? I didn’t know about these activities. What is it? Another European project – yes, but one that seems to build on existing standards like IEC 61850, IEC 61968/70, IEC 61400-25, IEC 62351, … IEC 60870-5.

FINSENY – Future Internet for Smart Energy (2011 – 2015)

FINSENY project: 35 organizations from the ICT and energy sectors team-up to identify the ICT requirements of Smart Energy Systems. This will lead to the definition of new solutions and standards, verified in a large scale pan-European Smart Energy trial … As part of the FI-PPP programme, FINSENY will analyse energy-specific requirements, develop solutions to address these requirements, and prepare for a Smart Energy trial in phase two of the programme.

Click HERE for the list of the 35 organizations.

Fortunately the work done so far refers to IEC TC 57 and TC 88 standards!

“ … existing standards which are worldwide considered and recognized like the IEC TC57 standards for Communication networks and systems for power utility automation (IEC 61850) and System interfaces for distribution management (IEC 61968) will be taken into account when defining the architecture, data models and communication relationships as well as existing telecommunication standards supporting the Future …”

Click HERE for a statement on standards.

A first list of consolidated ICT Requirements recommends: “To ensure interoperability the communication should rely on well-known and frequently used standards like IEC 61850, IEC 61968/61970 (CIM), or IEC 60870-5-101/104 (Telecontrol) and others. Also to be respected are specialized communication standards like - IEC 61400-25-4 for wind turbines …”

Click HERE for the requirements document [pdf, 262 pages]

A very detailed description of typical use-cases in power distribution has been written: “Distribution Network Building Block”: “ … Advanced ICT solutions that could provide Future Internet and the economies of scale that could be reached are essential for the development of the Smart Distribution Network. This deliverable presents a Reference Model for the Distributed Network Scenario and selects and describes a set of building blocks (UC) that should be representative enough for a further analysis of ICT requirements of smart DN solutions.”.

Click HERE for the Distribution Network Building Block [pdf, 98 pages]

I was a bit surprised when I read in that document about the communication with SCADA systems:

“SCADA System updates real time information from the RTU by means of continuous polling. The RTU is monitoring continuously Power Equipment through its Analog and Digital Inputs. When a change occurs is some of the inputs, the RTU takes note of it in order to send it in the next request from the SCADA System SCADA System requests every 2 seconds for any change of state or measurements detected in the RTU. When a request of state or measurement change is received, RTU sends all these changes to the SCADA System …”

Hm, this seems a bit … ok, smart people will develop smart(er) devices – the IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) – that will help to reduce the sheer unlimited amount of data to be exchanged continuously every 2 seconds. The project expects millions of devices to communicate with. Suppose 100 signals to be exchanged every 2 seconds from 100.000 devices: 5.000.000 signals per second … IEDs (RTUs, Data Managers, Data Aggregators, Gateways, …) with IEC 61850 will send information only if it is needed!! – on an event like a state change or limit violation.

Exchanging millions of signals per second means we need a high bandwidth – good for vendors that sell “bandwidth”! That is the question, how can more active power flow through the copper cable? Same may accomplish it the smart way with the reactive power compensation that can be done smart by inverters – smart electricians may solve this by just putting a bigger cable into the ground.

Click HERE for some discussion of polling versus spontaneous reporting.

The document lists also Monitoring and Control of Inverter Functions (Connect / Disconnect to/from grid, Adjust Maximum Generation Level, Adjust Power Factor, ... Scheduled Actions based on time, temperature, power pricing … VAr modes for VAr support from PV/Storage inverters (Modes PV1…PV5) … Advanced functions (Watt/Frequency or Watt/Voltage mode, advanced schedules, low voltage
fault ride through (FRT), separate Watt and VAr management, harmonic cancellation) …

The FINSENY papers are worth to read and study.